EV Charging Scheduling

EV Charging Scheduling is the operational decision problem faced by an electric-vehicle fleet operator or a public charging-point operator of deciding, over a planning horizon (typically 24-48 hours), the start time and power level (kW) at which each vehicle in the fleet, or each vehicle queued at a public station, is charged. Constraints include: each vehicle must reach a minimum state-of-charge (SoC) by a deadline (next-morning duty start, end of an appointment window), simultaneous total power draw cannot exceed the transformer/grid capacity (peak kW limit, often with a contractual penalty), SoC must remain within battery upper-lower limits, and charging power-level options are restricted by the connector type (AC slow, DC fast). The objective combines total electricity cost under a time-of-use tariff, peak-draw penalty, and — in modern formulations after Sortomme et al. (2011) — battery-aging cost (cycle aging accelerates under fast charging). Solution methods: MILP for moderate-size fleets (50-200 EVs), Lagrangian relaxation or decomposition for large fleets, online policies (heuristic priority rules) or rolling-horizon MILP for dynamic vehicle arrivals. The Mukherjee and Gupta (2015) survey covers methods and applications in detail.