1 optimization problems
In a textile shop with fabric rolls, a metal shop with standard sheet steel, or a furniture shop with MDF or particle board — the question of which cutting pattern to use to extract the ordered piece sizes. The decision: per standard roll or panel, which pieces in which layout, so total trim loss (waste) is minimized, the full order quantity is met, and machine time stays short. Manual layout works up to 20–40 different piece sizes; above that, doing it in someone's head pushes trim loss to the 12–25% range and material cost balloons.